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新作坊 Humanity Innovation and Social Practice

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果樹認養行動方案中的社會經濟實踐
Social Economy Practices in a Fruits Harvesting Club’s Action Plan

作者:鍾怡婷
Authors:Yi-ting Chung
關鍵字:果樹認養、社群協力農業、社會實踐、社會經濟
Keywords:fruits-harvest club, community-supported agriculture, sociological practice, social economy
摘要

當代農業生產與食品安全問題,除了源自工業化大量生產模式之外,也與資本主義的商品化體制有關。食物的生產者與消費者之間,在物理空間上的距離越來越遠,雙方關係也越疏離、不識和誤解,並且被框架在爭逐自身利益最大化的買賣關係之中。近年來雖然有各式各樣嘗試縮短食物供應鏈的創新方案,試圖促進生產者與消費者之間的直接連結,但若是無法處理商品化所帶來的掩飾效應,或者翻轉主流認知與價值觀,那麼,重新建立起的生產消費關係,仍易淪為資本主義式運作。本文藉由與社區場域的合作伙伴實作「果樹認養」行動方案,探討以社群協力農業為原則而設計的食物生產與消費制度,如何使斷裂的生產者與消費者重新連結,並鑲嵌於社會關係之中。此外,本文亦嘗試指出在此一社會關係之中,參與其中的生產者、消費者與中介者間所展現具有社會經濟意涵的互動和實踐。「果樹認養」方案的運作有以下特點:以利他理念進行號召,重新建構商品交換的經濟認知,並且促使個體化的行動者重新鑲嵌於被建構的社群與規範中。在方案實作過程中,研究團隊發現所有行動者在此一新的社會關係中展現了利他與互惠等富有社會經濟意涵的互動,同時形成相互理解、關懷與支持的社群。即便當前果樹認養行動方案的生產與交換制度無法完全取代資本主義運作,但在社群的支持下,可以為果樹農家帶來部分的穩定與安全感,而消費者也可以獲得值得信任的安全食物,以及被鑲嵌在社會中的群體感。果樹認養行動方案的實踐核心在於創造無法以主流經濟觀點衡量的社群支持與幸福,而這正是社會經濟所嘗試奪回的另一種經濟認知。

Abstract

Agricultural production and food safety issues are derived from industrial mass production modes and capitalist commodity schemes. As physical distances between food producers and consumers have become longer, relationships between them have become alienated, misunderstood, and framed according to the principle of profit maximization. Taiwanese have recently witnessed multiple innovative projects involving food supply chains in an effort to facilitate direct connections between producers and consumers. However, if the masking effect of commodification or dominant recognition of economy cannot be addressed, it is likely that any rebuilt relationships that emerge will revert to capitalist market model. This paper uses an action plan called “Fruit-Harvest Club” to examine the potential for reconnection and the re-embeddedness of social relations between producers and consumers in institutions created in the name of community-supported agriculture. This paper also explores the implications of social economy in the interactions and practices of the producers, consumers, and facilitators involved in the plan, and argues that the “Fruit-Harvest Club” reflect the logic of action different from capitalist mode, the  reframing of the recognition of commodity exchange and facilitating the individual reembeded in the community. We found that actors in these new forms of social relations represent altruism and reciprocity in terms of understanding, caring, and supportive communities. Even though the Fruit-Harvest Club and others of its kind cannot completely replace capitalist operations, fruit farmers can take little risk and consumers can harvest safe food and gain a sense of belonging in social relations, as well as in efforts to transform the capitalist to social economy.

原始出處
蔡瑞明主編,《新實踐與地方社會》 (臺北:人文創新與社會實踐計畫辦公室,2018.12) ,頁237-274